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Introduction

Java remains one of the most in-demand programming languages globally in 2025 & 2026, especially for freshers entering software development, backend engineering, QA automation, cloud engineering, and full-stack development roles. Companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Accenture, Capgemini, IBM, Cognizant, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft continue hiring Java developers at scale.

This article provides the Top 20 Java Interview Questions for Freshers (2025–2026) along with easy-to-understand answers, examples, tips, and SEO-rich keywords for blogging.

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✅ Top 20 Java Interview Questions & Answers for Freshers (2025–2026)

1. What is Java?

Java is a high-level, object-oriented, platform-independent programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. It follows the principle “Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA)” because of the JVM.

Why interviewers ask: To test basic Java understanding.

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2. What is JVM, JRE, and JDK?

JVM (Java Virtual Machine):

Executes Java bytecode.

JRE (Java Runtime Environment):

Provides libraries + JVM to run Java apps.

JDK (Java Development Kit):

Complete kit to develop, compile, and execute Java applications.

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3. What are the main features of Java?

• Object-oriented
• Platform-independent
• Robust and secure
• Multithreaded
• High performance (JIT compiler)
• Automatic memory management

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4. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

OOP is a programming paradigm based on objects and classes.
Java supports:

• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Abstraction

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5. What is a Class and Object in Java?

Class: Blueprint or template.
Object: Instance of a class.

Example:

class Car {
  String color;
}
Car c1 = new Car();

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6. What is Inheritance?

Inheritance allows a child class to acquire properties of a parent class.

Example:

class Animal {}
class Dog extends Animal {}

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7. What is Polymorphism?

Ability of an object to take multiple forms.

Types:

• Compile-time (method overloading)
• Runtime (method overriding)

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8. What is Encapsulation?

Binding of data and methods together using private variables and public getters/setters.

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9. What is Abstraction?

Hiding internal details and showing only essential features using:

• Abstract classes
• Interfaces

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10. Difference Between “==” and “.equals()”?

• == → compares memory/reference
• .equals() → compares values

Example:

String a = "Java";
String b = new String("Java");
a == b; // false
a.equals(b); // true

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11. What is a Constructor?

A special method used to initialize objects.

Types:

• Default
• Parameterized

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12. What is Method Overloading?

Multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

void sum(int a, int b);
void sum(double a, double b);

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13. What is Method Overriding?

Child class provides its own implementation of a parent class method.

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14. What is a Static Keyword?

static means the member belongs to the class, not objects.

Example:

static int count;

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15. What is the Final Keyword?

• final variable → constant
• final method → cannot be overridden
• final class → cannot be inherited

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16. What is Exception Handling?

Mechanism to handle runtime errors.

Keywords:

• try
• catch
• finally
• throw
• throws

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17. What is Garbage Collection?

Automatic process to free unused memory in Java.

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18. What is an Interface?

A blueprint of a class with abstract methods; supports multiple inheritance.

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19. What are Wrapper Classes?

Convert primitives → objects
Example:
int → Integer, char → Character

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20. What is Multithreading?

Running multiple threads simultaneously for faster execution.

Methods:

• run()
• start()

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {
  public void run() {
    System.out.println("Thread running");
  }
}

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🧩 Additional Java Interview Questions (Bonus for 2025–2026)

• What is JIT Compiler?
• Difference between Array and ArrayList
• What is String Pool?
• What is HashMap?
• What is Constructor Chaining?
• What is Framework vs Library?
• Difference between abstraction and encapsulation

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🧠 Tips to Crack Java Interviews (Freshers 2025–2026)

✅ Practice core Java daily

✅ Learn collection framework

✅ Understand OOP deeply

✅ Practice coding on LeetCode & HackerRank

✅ Build 2–3 Java projects

✅ Understand real-world use cases

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❓ FAQs: Java Interview Questions for Freshers

1. Is Java still in demand in 2025 & 2026?

Yes. Java remains one of the biggest backend and enterprise programming languages.

2. What skills should freshers learn for Java jobs?

Core Java, OOP, Collections, JDBC, SQL, Git, and basic Spring Boot.

3. How to prepare for Java interviews?

Practice coding + understand concepts + revise OOP + solve MCQs + build projects.

4. What projects can I show for Java roles?

Library management system, banking app, e-commerce backend, attendance system, etc.

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🎯 Conclusion

The demand for Java developers will continue to grow in 2025 & 2026, and companies want freshers with strong fundamentals. These Top 20 Java Interview Questions help you prepare confidently and crack your next interview.